Omega-3 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fats that must be obtained from the diet, as the human body cannot produce them in sufficient amounts. The three main types relevant to human health are ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), found in plant sources such as flaxseed and walnuts, and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), primarily found in oily fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines.
How Omega-3 Supports the Body
Omega-3 fatty acids play several important physiological roles. DHA contributes to the maintenance of normal brain function and normal vision, provided a daily intake of 250 mg DHA is achieved. EPA and DHA together support normal heart function, while DHA also contributes to the maintenance of normal blood triglyceride levels at higher intakes, subject to authorised claim conditions.
From a biological perspective, EPA and DHA are incorporated into cell membranes throughout the body. They influence membrane fluidity and are involved in the production of signalling molecules. These mechanisms help explain their recognised contribution to normal cardiovascular function and other authorised health outcomes.
It is important to note that food supplements should be consumed as part of a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle. Omega-3 supplements are not a substitute for eating fish, which provides additional nutrients such as vitamin D, iodine, and high-quality protein.
Safe Intake and Consumer Considerations in the UK
UK public health guidance encourages the consumption of at least two portions of fish per week, including one portion of oily fish. For individuals who do not regularly consume fish, omega-3 supplements may help increase EPA and DHA intake.
When choosing a supplement in the UK market, consumers should look for clear labelling that states the amount of EPA and DHA per serving, recommended daily intake, and any relevant allergen information. Products must comply with general food safety and labelling regulations, including the UK Food Information Regulations. Claims such as “supports heart health” must align strictly with authorised wording and conditions of use.
Consumers who are pregnant, breastfeeding, taking medication (particularly anticoagulants), or managing a medical condition should consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting supplementation. As with all supplements, the recommended daily dose should not be exceeded.
In summary, omega-3 fatty acids contribute to normal heart, brain, and vision function when consumed in appropriate amounts. Within the UK regulatory framework, they are positioned as supportive nutrients that complement a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle, rather than as medicinal products.
Source: https://gymto.co.uk/